{"id":1089,"date":"2026-02-04T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-04T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/?p=1089"},"modified":"2026-01-31T03:12:26","modified_gmt":"2026-01-31T03:12:26","slug":"what-are-the-different-types-of-phosphate-esters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/ar\/what-are-the-different-types-of-phosphate-esters\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0625\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"466\" height=\"398\" src=\"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2025-11-21-100831.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1545\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2025-11-21-100831.png 466w, https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2025-11-21-100831-14x12.png 14w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 466px) 100vw, 466px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 <strong>\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (H\u2083PO\u2084)<\/strong> or <strong>\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 (POCl\u2083)<\/strong> \u0645\u0639 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>, \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645:<\/strong><br>[<br>(RO)<em>x(PO(OH))<\/em>{3-x}<br>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u062b <em>R<\/em> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644 (\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u0623\u0631\u064a\u0644 (\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648 <em>x<\/em> \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u2014 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u0625\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0640 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a (TPP)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0644 (TCP)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a (IPPP)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0641\u0626 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a PVC \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f:<\/strong><br>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"439\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2025-11-21-110601.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1546\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2025-11-21-110601.png 439w, https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2025-11-21-110601-14x12.png 14w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 439px) 100vw, 439px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/strong> (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644) \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 (TBP)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644 (TEP)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a 2-\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 (TEHP)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 (\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0650\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u064f\u062b\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629:<\/strong><br>TBP\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u2014 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0645\u0639 <strong>\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644<\/strong>, \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 (IPPP)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 (BPP)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627:<\/strong><br>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 IPPP \u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a - \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 TCP \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a -OH \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629<\/strong>, \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0646\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 (\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645:<\/strong><br>\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a 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class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631:<\/strong><br>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/td><td>\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/td><td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643<\/td><td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/td><td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/td><td>\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637<\/td><td>\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/td><td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td><td>\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062d\u0645\u0636<\/td><td>\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a<\/td><td>\u2605\u2605<\/td><td>\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/td><td>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td><td>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f<\/td><td>\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td><td>\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/td><td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td><td>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c<\/td><td>\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u064a<\/td><td>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/td><td>\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/td><td>\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2192 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u2192 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2192 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u2192 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 \u2192 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0644 \u2192 \u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629\/\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u2192 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u2014 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"432\" height=\"292\" src=\"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2025-11-21-104925.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1547\" style=\"width:476px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2025-11-21-104925.png 432w, https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2025-11-21-104925-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 432px) 100vw, 432px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 <strong>\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 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[\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1545,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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