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<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u2014 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
1. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u064a\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a (P=O) \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n\n\n\n TBP<\/strong> \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 (TBP)<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 PUREX (\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 TBP \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a: \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644 (TEP)<\/strong> \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 TEP \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643<\/strong> \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a (TOP)<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f:<\/strong> \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631 \u0628\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u2014 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0644<\/strong> \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c, \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u062f (Kex)<\/strong>, \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648IPPP\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u2014 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/strong> <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648 [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1376,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1097","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1097"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1097\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2210,"href":"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1097\/revisions\/2210"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1376"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1097"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1097"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
\n\n\n\n2. \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631: TBP\u060c TEP\u060c \u0648 TOP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635<\/th> \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644 (TEP)<\/strong><\/th> \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a (TBP)<\/strong><\/th> \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a (TOP)<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td> (C\u2082H\u2085O)\u2083PO<\/td> (C\u2084H\u2089O)\u2083PO<\/td> (C\u2088H\u2081\u2087O)\u2083PO<\/td><\/tr> \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 (\u00b0\u0645)<\/td> 215<\/td> 289<\/td> 420<\/td><\/tr> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td> \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td> \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td> \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td><\/tr> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629<\/td> \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td> \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td> \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/td> \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/td> \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td> \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td><\/tr> \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c<\/td> \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641<\/td> \u0642\u0648\u064a<\/td> \u0642\u0648\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 (\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629)<\/td><\/tr> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td> \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td> \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td> \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643<\/td><\/tr> \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/td> \u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td> \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td> \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n3. \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a (TBP) \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
M^{n+} + nNO_3^- + xTBP \u21cc M(NO_3)_n\u00b7xTBP<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n\n4. \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a (TEP) \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c, 5\u201310% TEP \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0639 TBP<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n5. \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a (TOP) \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c TOP \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 M(TOP)\u2082Cl\u2082\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0637\u0626 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n6. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
1. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
TBP > TOP > TEP<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Cu\u060c Ni\u060c Zn\u060c Co)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
TOP > TBP > TEP<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u2013\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n7. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 TBP 25% + TOP 5% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 35%<\/strong> \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 10%<\/strong> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 TBP \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n8. \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c<\/th> \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/th> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644<\/th> \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628<\/th><\/tr><\/thead> \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong><\/td> TBP<\/td> 25\u201330%<\/td> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/td><\/tr> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629)<\/strong><\/td> TBP + TEP<\/td> \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a 20\u201325%<\/td> \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629)<\/strong><\/td> TOP<\/td> 10\u201320%<\/td> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629<\/td><\/tr> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a<\/strong><\/td> TOP + \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631\u064a<\/td> 15\u201325%<\/td> \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646<\/strong><\/td> TBP<\/td> 10\u201315%<\/td> \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641<\/td><\/tr> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 (\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629)<\/strong><\/td> \u062a\u064a \u0625\u064a \u0628\u064a<\/td> 5\u201310%<\/td> \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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![\"\"](\"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u516c\u53f8\u7167\u72472-6.webp\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:
\ud83d\udce7 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: dohollchemical@gmail.com<\/a>
\ud83d\udcf1 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628: +86 139 0301 4781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n