{"id":1113,"date":"2026-02-07T14:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-07T14:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/?p=1113"},"modified":"2026-01-31T03:12:26","modified_gmt":"2026-01-31T03:12:26","slug":"does-phosphate-ester-degrade-over-time","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/bn\/does-phosphate-ester-degrade-over-time\/","title":{"rendered":"\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u09b9\u09af\u09bc?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2\u09c0 \u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09c7 \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u2014 <strong>\u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09ac\u09c7?<\/strong> \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be, \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ab\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0981, \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8, \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u09aa \u099a\u09be\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u2014 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09ab\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8, \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u099b\u09b0\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09c0 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u5de5\u5382\u5b9e\u666f1-scaled.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1675\" style=\"width:476px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u5de5\u5382\u5b9e\u666f1-scaled.webp 2560w, https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u5de5\u5382\u5b9e\u666f1-1536x1152.webp 1536w, https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u5de5\u5382\u5b9e\u666f1-2048x1536.webp 2048w, https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u5de5\u5382\u5b9e\u666f1-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0986\u09b8\u09c1\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09bf \u0995\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0998\u099f\u09c7, \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0995\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u09c7 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09ae\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a6\u09c0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09b8 \u09ac\u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u2014 <strong>\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u09a4\u09b0\u09b2, \u09b2\u09c1\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f, \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09aa\u0995, \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3\u0964.<\/strong><br>\u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7, \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u0985\u09aa\u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u09b2 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc; \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u098f\u09b0 <strong>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/strong>, \u09af\u09be \u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u098f\u09b0 <strong>\u0986\u09a0\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09a4\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc<\/strong>, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b2\u09c1\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac \u09ab\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u098f\u09b0 <strong>\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/strong>, \u09af\u09be \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09be \u0987\u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09b8\u09a8<\/strong> \u0997\u09a0\u09a8 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7, \u09af\u09be \u09ab\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09cb\u099c\u09b2 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b2\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u0986\u09aa\u09a8\u09bf <strong>\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a4\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8, \u09b8\u09b0\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be\u09dc\u09be\u09a8<\/strong>, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ae\u09a4\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e8. \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a1\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09a1\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09a5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>a. \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 - \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc <strong>\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8<\/strong>, \u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u099c\u09b2 \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09a8 \u09ad\u09c7\u0999\u09c7 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09cb\u09b9\u09b2 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<br>(RO)_3PO + H_2O \u2192 (RO)_2PO(OH) + ROH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0995\u09c0 \u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0997\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09a3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u099a\u09be\u09aa<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0985\u09ae\u09cd\u09b2\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09be \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ab\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09cb\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09a0\u09a8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09ac \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7:<\/strong><br>\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 <strong>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ad\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09b0<\/strong>, <strong>\u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be-\u0986\u0981\u099f\u09b8\u09be\u0981\u099f \u09aa\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u099c\u09bf\u0982<\/strong>, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 <strong>\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09ab\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8<\/strong> \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 \u0987\u09a8\u09b9\u09bf\u09ac\u09bf\u099f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b9\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0996. \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u2014 \u09a7\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a7\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a7\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a7\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09ab\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09b2\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09b0\u0999\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be (\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09ae\u09c0 \u099f\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u099f)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0986\u099f\u0995\u09cb\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7:<\/strong><br>\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 <strong>\u09ab\u09c7\u09a8\u09cb\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f<\/strong> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8, \u0986\u09b2\u09cb \u09ac\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6 \u098f\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u5de5\u5382\u5b9e\u666f4-1-scaled.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1676\" style=\"width:449px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u5de5\u5382\u5b9e\u666f4-1-scaled.webp 2560w, https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u5de5\u5382\u5b9e\u666f4-1-1536x1152.webp 1536w, https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u5de5\u5382\u5b9e\u666f4-1-2048x1536.webp 2048w, https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u5de5\u5382\u5b9e\u666f4-1-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0997\u09b0\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u099c\u09a8 \u2014 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa \u099a\u09be\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u099c\u09a8<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be (\u09e8\u09eb\u09e6\u00b0C \u098f\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0\u09c7) \u098f, \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf <strong>\u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7<\/strong>, \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1, \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09be\u0987\u09a1, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09ae-\u09ae\u09cc\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u0993\u099c\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09a4\u09c7\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7 \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09b0\u09ae<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0996\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09aa \u09b6\u09c0\u09a4\u09b2\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09be \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09b2\u09cb\u09a1\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u099c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a7\u09cb\u0981\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u0997\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0986\u099f\u0995\u09cb\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09ac \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7 \u099c\u09ae\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09b6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7:<\/strong><br>\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 <strong>\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0986\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong>, \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 P\u2013O\u2013C \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09a8 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09bf\u0982\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09b8\u09ac \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be \u2014 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09a0\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0<\/th><th>\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be<\/th><th>\u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u09ad \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be<\/th><th>\u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be<\/th><th>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b2\u09cd\u09ab \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8*<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf-\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09b2 (TCP, TPP, IPPP)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u099a\u09ae\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b0<\/td><td>\u099a\u09ae\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b0<\/td><td>\u099a\u09ae\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b0<\/td><td>3\u20135 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf-\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09b2 (TBP, TEHP, TEP)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae<\/td><td>\u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae<\/td><td>\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09a4<\/td><td>2\u20133 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09b2 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09b2 (BPP, IPPP \u09ad\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09b8)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb<\/td><td>\u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb<\/td><td>\u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb<\/td><td>3\u20134 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09b2 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><\/td><td>\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09a4<\/td><td>\u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2<\/td><td>\u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2<\/td><td>1\u20132 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \/ \u099c\u09c8\u09ac-\u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><\/td><td>\u099a\u09ae\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b0<\/td><td>\u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb<\/td><td>\u099a\u09ae\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b0<\/td><td>5+ \u09ac\u099b\u09b0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>*\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09c1\u099a\u09bf\u09a4, \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7 \u09e8\u09eb\u00b0C \u09a4\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1:<\/strong><br>\u09af\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u0995 (\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf-\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09b2) \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0, \u09a4\u09a4\u0987 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u0964 \u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0, \u09af\u09a6\u09bf\u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0989\u09aa\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0, \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u09af\u09a4\u09cd\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09b2\u09bf\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u0997\u09a4 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09af\u09be \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u098f\u09ae\u09a8 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u0993 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0996\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09aa \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0995. \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09e7\u09e6\u00b0C \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<br><strong>\u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u099f\u09bf\u09aa:<\/strong> \u09ac\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u099f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09e9\u09eb\u00b0C \u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u099a\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09c1\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995 \u098f\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0996. \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u0964.<br><strong>\u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u099f\u09bf\u09aa:<\/strong> \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae, \u09a8\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u099f, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0997. pH \u0985\u09a4\u09bf<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0985\u09ae\u09cd\u09b2\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0989\u09ad\u09af\u09bc\u0987 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<br><strong>\u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u099f\u09bf\u09aa:<\/strong> \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf (pH 6\u20138) \u09ac\u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09c1\u09a8\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0998. \u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09a4\u09be\u09ae\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u099c\u09bf\u0982\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09a4\u09b2 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<br><strong>\u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u099f\u09bf\u09aa:<\/strong> \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u0987\u09a8\u09b2\u09c7\u09b8 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c0\u09b2 (316L) \u09ac\u09be \u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09a8\u09a1 \u0995\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u0987\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09aa\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0999. \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c1 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c1 \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u0995\u09c7 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<br><strong>\u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u099f\u09bf\u09aa:<\/strong> \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09c7 \u0995\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u0987\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b2 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8; \u09ae\u09be\u09a5\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u098f\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09eb. \u09b6\u09c7\u09b2\u09cd\u09ab \u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09ab \u0993 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09ae\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a6\u09c0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09b8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7, \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0987 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0996. \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09ab\u09c7\u09a8\u09cb\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09b8:<\/strong> BHT, DBPC \u2014 \u09b0\u200d\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a1\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09b8:<\/strong> \u09a1\u09be\u0987\u09ab\u09c7\u09a8\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u0987\u09a8 \u2014 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u09a7\u09c0\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0:<\/strong> \u0995\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u0982 \u098f\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 \u0987\u09a8\u09b9\u09bf\u09ac\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09b8:<\/strong> \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u0993 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0996. \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 <strong>\u09a0\u09be\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09be, \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u098f\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/strong> (\u0986\u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09e8\u09e6\u2013\u09e8\u09eb\u00b0C)\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1 \u09ac\u09be \u0985-\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09a8\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u0987\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0987\u09a8\u09ad\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09b0\u09bf \u0998\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb (\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09be, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be)\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 <strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09ec \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0993 \u09b0\u0999<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0997. \u09ac\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09a1 \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cb\u09a7\u09bf\u09a4 \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ab\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb<\/strong> \u09a4\u09b0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09bc \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u0964.<br>\u099c\u09c8\u09ac-\u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u098f\u0996\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f-\u0987\u09a8 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c8\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc up to <strong>\u09aa\u09be\u0981\u099a \u09ac\u099b\u09b0<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09a8\u09a4\u09bf \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u0993 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a7\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a7\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<br>\u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a5\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0995 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09c7\u09a4 \u099a\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u09b8\u09c2\u099a\u0995<\/th><th>\u098f\u09b0 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u0995\u09c0<\/th><th>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09aa<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0989\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09c0 <strong>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8<\/strong><\/td><td>\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 \u0998\u099f\u099b\u09c7<\/td><td>\u09a4\u09c7\u09b2 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be 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\u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ad\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc<\/td><td>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf<\/td><td>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u0995 \u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be \u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0986\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u099c\u09ae\u09be\u099f \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u09a7\u09be \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5<\/td><td>\u09a6\u09c2\u09b7\u09a3<\/td><td>\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ae\u09a8\u09bf\u099f\u09b0\u09bf\u0982 (\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09be \u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c8\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995) \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc\u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09b2 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09ed. \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 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\u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8, \u099c\u09b2\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u09b2\u09c1\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u09ac\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09b8<\/strong><\/td><td>\u09ee\u09e6\u2013\u09e7\u09eb\u09e6\u00b0C<\/td><td>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09b2 (IPPP, BPP)<\/td><td>\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u099f\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u099f\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u09ab\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u0982 \/ \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982\u09b8<\/strong><\/td><td>&lt;\u09ee\u09e6\u00b0C<\/td><td>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u09ac\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/td><td>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u0987\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \/ \u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09b0<\/strong><\/td><td>\u09e7\u09e6\u09e6\u2013\u09e8\u09e6\u09e6\u00b0C<\/td><td>\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u0987\u09b2 (TBP, TEHP)<\/td><td>\u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u098f\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09b6\u09a8 \/ \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u0995 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae<\/strong><\/td><td>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u0997\u09a4<\/td><td>\u099f\u09bf\u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09bf \u09ac\u09be \u099f\u09bf \u0987\u09aa\u09bf<\/td><td>\u0986\u099f\u0995\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09c1\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09a8\u09cb \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09c1\u09a8<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09ad\u09be\u0999\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac \u09ab\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u2014 \u0986\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b2\u09cb\u09a1 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09a8: \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a1\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09ad \u09b8\u09be\u0987\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09be<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u0995\u09ae\u0987 \u098f\u0995\u09be \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u2014 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u099c\u099f\u09bf\u09b2 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a1\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09ad \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u0964.<br>\u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0, \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u099c\u0995, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0987 \u09ab\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09b2 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc <strong>\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u09ab\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u0964.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u09b8\u09bf\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 + ZDDP:<\/strong> \u09a4\u09c7\u09b2\u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 + \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f:<\/strong> \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b2 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 + \u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f:<\/strong> \u09ab\u09cb\u09ae\u09bf\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u098f\u0987 \u09b8\u09be\u0987\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u0982\u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0993 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09a8: \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u09b2 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7, \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ac \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09a8:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09a5\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ad\u09bf\u09ae\u09c7\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 (TGA):<\/strong> \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09bf\u0982:<\/strong> \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09b0\u0999 \u09b8\u09c2\u099a\u0995 (APHA):<\/strong> \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0997\u09a4\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0986\u0981\u099a\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be:<\/strong> \u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u099c\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09ae\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a6\u09c0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be (ASTM D2619):<\/strong> \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b2\u09ab \u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09be\u09b9\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 <strong>\u09b8\u09be\u09a8\u099c\u09cb \u09ab\u09be\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u0987\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0982<\/strong> \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09af\u09bc, \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099a \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09ae\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a6\u09c0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09b8 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09a6\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u099a\u09c2\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09a8\u09be<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0, \u09af\u09a6\u09bf\u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2, <strong>\u09a7\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a7\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u09b9\u09af\u09bc<\/strong> \u09a4\u09be\u09aa, \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a7\u09c0\u09a8\u09c7\u0964.<br>\u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8, \u09b8\u09c1\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a1\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09ad \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>3\u20135 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf<\/strong> \u2014 \u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u0997 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0997\u09cb\u09aa\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2 \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u0987 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc, \u09ac\u09b0\u0982 \u098f\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7: \u09ab\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8, \u09ae\u09a8\u09bf\u099f\u09b0\u09bf\u0982, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09b8\u09be\u09a8\u099c\u09cb \u09ab\u09be\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u0987\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0982 \u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/strong><br>\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0, \u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ab\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af:<br>\ud83d\udce7 \u0987\u09ae\u09c7\u09b2: <a href=\"mailto:dohollchemical@gmail.com\">dohollchemical@gmail.com<\/a><br>\ud83d\udcf1 \u09b9\u09cb\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099f\u09b8\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa: <a href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613903014781\">+86 139 0301 4781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Every industrial chemist and engineer working with phosphate esters eventually asks this question \u2014 will my phosphate ester remain stable [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1552,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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