{"id":1135,"date":"2025-12-12T06:53:35","date_gmt":"2025-12-12T06:53:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/?p=1135"},"modified":"2025-12-12T06:53:47","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T06:53:47","slug":"top-5-flame-retardant-additives-for-building-materials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/bn\/top-5-flame-retardant-additives-for-building-materials\/","title":{"rendered":"\u09b6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7 \u09eb \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0989\u09aa\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6:<br>\u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c7, \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be \u0985\u09aa\u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u09b2 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc \u2014 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u0987\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf retardant \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cb\u09b2\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09aa\u09c7\u099f \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6:<br>The <strong>\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7 \u09aa\u09be\u0981\u099a\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf retardant \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0995<\/strong> \u09b9\u09b2 <strong>\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u0987\u09a5\u09bf\u09b2 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f (TEP), \u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0993\u0995\u099f\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f (TOP), \u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09ab\u09c7\u09a8\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f (TPP), \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae \u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f (APP), \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c1\u09ae\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09be\u0987\u09a1 (ATH)<\/strong>. \u098f\u0987 \u09af\u09cc\u0997\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09af\u09bc, \u09a7\u09cb\u0981\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a6\u09ae\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995, \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3, \u09ab\u09cb\u09ae, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0987\u09a8\u09b8\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u098f \u099c\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u099c\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u0993\u09a0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" src=\"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u516c\u53f8\u7167\u72472-5.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1683\" style=\"width:380px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u516c\u53f8\u7167\u72472-5.webp 2000w, https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u516c\u53f8\u7167\u72472-5-1536x1152.webp 1536w, https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u516c\u53f8\u7167\u72472-5-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u099c\u09bf\u09b6\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6:<br>\u0986\u099c\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u0995\u09a0\u09cb\u09b0 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09a6\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u0987\u09a8\u09b8\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1, \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3, \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09cb\u099c\u09bf\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09cb\u0995 \u09ac\u09be \u09a8\u09be \u09b9\u09cb\u0995, \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf retardant \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09b8, \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ae\u09a4\u09bf, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099f\u09c7\u0995\u09b8\u0987\u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u0997\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u099f\u09bf \u09e8\u09e6\u09e8\u09eb \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7 \u09aa\u09be\u0981\u099a\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 <strong>\u09a1\u0982\u09b9\u0982 \u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong> \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c7 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf retardants \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6:<br>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u2014 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf retardants \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09b8\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09aa\u09c7\u099f \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6:<br>\u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf retardant \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09af\u09be <strong>\u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a7\u09c0\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7<\/strong> \u099c\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09a8 \u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b9\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0985\u099c\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09a8 \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8 \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09ac\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u09aa \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u099c\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u099c\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u0993\u09a0\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u0997\u09c1\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u0989\u09b0\u09c7\u09a5\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ab\u09cb\u09ae<\/strong> (\u0987\u09a8\u09b8\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8, \u0986\u09b8\u09ac\u09be\u09ac\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PVC \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u098f\u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf \u09b0\u099c\u09a8<\/strong> (\u09ab\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09bf\u0982, \u09aa\u09be\u0987\u09aa, \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u099f\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u099f\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0982<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09a5\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09cb\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09cb\u099c\u09bf\u099f<\/strong> \u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0982 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09b0\u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09b8 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 <strong>UL-94 V0<\/strong> or <strong>EN13501<\/strong> \u099c\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09a8\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u0982\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 <strong>\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u0996\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b0\u0999\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ae\u09bf\u099f \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 <strong>\u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8-\u09a7\u09cb\u0981\u09af\u09bc\u09be, \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8-\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4<\/strong> \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09c0\u0964.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" src=\"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u516c\u53f8\u7167\u72476-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1684\" style=\"width:420px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u516c\u53f8\u7167\u72476-1.webp 2000w, https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u516c\u53f8\u7167\u72476-1-1536x1152.webp 1536w, https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u516c\u53f8\u7167\u72476-1-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e7. \u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u098f\u09a5\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f (TEP)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6:<br>\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09b0\u09be\u09b8 \u09af\u09cc\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7, <strong>\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u098f\u09a5\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f (TEP)<\/strong> \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09c0 \u099c\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u0987\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09be\u0981\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09aa\u09c7\u099f \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6:<br>TEP \u09b9\u09b2 <strong>\u0985\u09b0\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09b9\u09c0\u09a8, \u0985-\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09a1 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong> \u09af\u09be \u0989\u09ad\u09af\u09bc\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u099c\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7<\/strong> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 <strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09a4\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be<\/strong> \u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09ac\u09c8\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0:<\/strong> (C\u2082H\u2085O)\u2083PO<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f:<\/strong> 215\u00b0C<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09be:<\/strong> \u226599%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1:<\/strong> 115\u00b0C<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>VOC:<\/strong> \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>PU \u09ab\u09c7\u09a8\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3:<\/strong> \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u0987\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09aa\u0995 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u098f\u09aa\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf \u09b0\u099c\u09a8:<\/strong> \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a7\u09cb\u0981\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a6\u09ae\u09a8 \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PVC \u09af\u09cc\u0997:<\/strong> \u09a8\u09ae\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099c\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0985-\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09ac\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b0\u099c\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u099a\u09ae\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09be \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09a1\u0982\u09b9\u0982 \u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4<\/strong>, TEP \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 <strong>REACH, RoHS, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 ISO9001<\/strong> \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09a6\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1, \u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09c3\u09b9\u09ce \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0993\u0995\u099f\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f (TOP)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6:<br>\u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09ae\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a6\u09c0 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7, <strong>\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0993\u0995\u099f\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f (TOP)<\/strong> \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09aa\u0995 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u099b\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09aa\u09c7\u099f \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6:<br>TOP \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf <strong>\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7, \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a-\u09ac\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u09aa\u09c0\u09ad\u09ac\u09a8 \u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong> \u09af\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u099a\u09ae\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be<\/strong> \u0995\u09ae \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u09b8\u09b9, \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a-\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae \u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0986\u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09ac\u09c8\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0:<\/strong> (C\u2088H\u2081\u2087O)\u2083PO<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f:<\/strong> \u09e9\u09ee\u09e6\u00b0C<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09be:<\/strong> \u226599%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09b0\u0999:<\/strong> \u2264\u09e9\u09e6 \u098f\u09aa\u09bf\u098f\u0987\u099a\u098f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0997\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7:<\/strong> \u09ae\u09c3\u09a6\u09c1, \u0995\u09ae-VOC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>PVC \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09b2 \u0993 \u09ab\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09bf\u0982\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u0987\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0964.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PU \u0993 \u098f\u09aa\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a1\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09ad\u0964.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982 \u0993 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f:<\/strong> \u09a8\u09ae\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09a0\u09a8 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u098f\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a7\u09c0\u09a8\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u0997\u09a4 \u0985\u0996\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u099a\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0985-\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8-\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u0964.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09a1\u0982\u09b9\u0982 \u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7<\/strong> \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09ac \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be<\/strong>, \u09af\u09be \u09ad\u09ac\u09a8 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ae\u09b8\u09c3\u09a3 \u09b8\u0982\u09b9\u09a4\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09e9. \u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09ab\u09c7\u09a8\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f (TPP)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6:<br>\u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u0986\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u0989\u09ad\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, <strong>\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09ab\u09c7\u09a8\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f (TPP)<\/strong> \u0985\u09aa\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2 \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u099a\u09ae\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u09b8\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09be\u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09aa\u09c7\u099f \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6:<br>\u099f\u09bf\u09aa\u09bf\u09aa\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf <strong>\u0997\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong> \u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09be\u09a8 <strong>\u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be, \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09b0\u09bf\u09ab\u09cd\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09bf\u09ad \u0987\u09a8\u09a1\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b8<\/strong>, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 <strong>\u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8 \u09a7\u09cb\u0981\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09ae\u09a8<\/strong> \u099c\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09a7\u09cb\u0981\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u0983\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09ac\u09c8\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0:<\/strong> (C\u2086H\u2085O)\u2083PO<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0997\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0995:<\/strong> \u09ea\u09ee\u00b0C<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1:<\/strong> \u09e8\u09e8\u09e6\u00b0C<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09be:<\/strong> \u226599%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0995\u09a0\u09bf\u09a8 \u09aa\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09b8\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a5\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09cb\u09b8\u09c7\u099f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995:<\/strong> \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09af \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3:<\/strong> \u099c\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995\u09a4\u09be \u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09a0\u09cb\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09b8\u09c7\u09b2\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u099c \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u099c\u09a8:<\/strong> \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0987\u0989\u09ad\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995\u09a4\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0986\u09b2\u0982\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09aa\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2 \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u099a\u09ae\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u0995\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995\u09a4\u09be\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8-\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u099c\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>TPP TEP \u098f\u09ac\u0982 TOP \u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8<\/strong>, \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0989\u09aa\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09b6\u09bf\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09ae\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1417\" height=\"1063\" src=\"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u516c\u53f8\u7167\u724711-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1685\" style=\"width:439px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u516c\u53f8\u7167\u724711-1.webp 1417w, https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u516c\u53f8\u7167\u724711-1-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1417px) 100vw, 1417px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae \u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f (APP)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6:<br>\u09a0\u094b\u0938\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b6\u09bf\u0996\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af, <strong>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae \u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f (APP)<\/strong> \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0985\u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09aa\u09c7\u099f \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6:<br>APP \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf <strong>\u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09b0\u09be\u09b8 \u09af\u09cc\u0997<\/strong> \u09af\u09be \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u099a\u09be\u09b0-\u0997\u09a0\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u098f\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f<\/strong> \u0987\u09a8\u099f\u09bf\u0989\u09ae\u09c7\u09b8\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09a4\u09be\u09aa \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc, APP \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1<\/strong>, \u0997\u09a0\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u099a\u09be\u09b0<\/strong> \u09af\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0987\u09a8\u099f\u09bf\u0989\u09ae\u09c7\u09b8\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982\u0964.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u0989\u09b0\u09c7\u09a5\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ab\u09cb\u09ae\u0964.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b2, \u099b\u09be\u09a6, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3\u0964.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0985-\u099f\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u0995, \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8-\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ae\u09c7\u09b2\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u0987\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09a5\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09b2 \u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u099a\u09ae\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a7\u09cb\u0981\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>APP \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc <strong>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09ac \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09c7<\/strong>, \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 <strong>\u09b6\u09c2\u09a8\u09cd\u09af-\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09a6\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1<\/strong> \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u09eb. \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c1\u09ae\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09be\u0987\u09a1 (ATH)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6:<br>\u09b8\u09b0\u09b2, \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u2014 <strong>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c1\u09ae\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09be\u0987\u09a1 (\u098f\u099f\u09bf\u098f\u0987\u099a)<\/strong> \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09aa\u09c7\u099f \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6:<br>ATH \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb <strong>\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995<\/strong> \u09af\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u0983\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09b2\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u099c\u09b2\u09ac\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u09aa \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09a0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf \u09a6\u09ae\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09ac\u09c8\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0:<\/strong> Al(OH)\u2083<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be:<\/strong> \u09e8\u09e6\u09e6\u2013\u09e8\u09e8\u09e6\u00b0C<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be:<\/strong> \u09b8\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u09b8\u09c2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09ae \u0997\u09c1\u0981\u09a1\u09bc\u09cb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0985-\u099f\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8-\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>PVC \u0987\u09a8\u09b8\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ab\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09bf\u0982\u0964.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09b0\u0999, \u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09b2 \u09af\u09cc\u0997\u0964.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b2\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b2\u09be\u09b0\u0964.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09a7\u09cb\u0981\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09aa \u09a6\u09ae\u09a8\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ad\u09be\u09b2 \u09b0\u0999\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0985\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 LEED \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09a6\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ATH<\/strong>, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0987 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be APP \u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7, \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09b8\u0982\u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u0997\u09ad\u09c0\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09a8: \u09b8\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6:<br>\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7, \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u098f\u0995\u09be \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be \u2014 \u09b8\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u0987 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09aa\u09c7\u099f \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6:<br>\u09b8\u0982\u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 <strong>\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/strong> (TEP, TOP, TPP) \u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 <strong>APP \u09ac\u09be ATH<\/strong> \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u09ac\u09b9\u09c1-\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be<\/strong> \u2014 \u09ac\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u09aa-\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u09ac\u09be\u09a7\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09c1\u099a\u09bf\u09a4-\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0982 \u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b8\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8<\/th><th>\u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u0982\u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3<\/th><th>\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u0989\u09b0\u09c7\u09a5\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ab\u09cb\u09ae<\/td><td>TEP + APP<\/td><td>\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac-\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09aa\u09a3 \u0986\u099a\u09b0\u09a3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u098f\u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982<\/td><td>TOP + ATH<\/td><td>\u09a7\u09cb\u0981\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a6\u09ae\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09a4\u09be\u09aa \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PVC \u09af\u09cc\u0997<\/td><td>TPP + APP<\/td><td>\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf \u09b8\u09c1\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u09a8<\/td><td>TEP + APP + \u09ae\u09c7\u09b2\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u0987\u09a8<\/td><td>\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b8\u09c2\u099a\u0995 (LOI)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u09b0\u0999\/\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f<\/td><td>TOP + NP-10 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/td><td>\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09ae \u0986\u09a0\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09a4\u09be<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u098f\u09ae\u09a8 \u09b8\u0982\u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09ab\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u099f\u09b0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cb\u09b2\u09c7 <strong>\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8-\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be<\/strong> \u09af\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09c8\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09be \u09a6\u09c3\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a1\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09ad\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a1\u0982\u09b9\u0982 \u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09a1\u0982\u09b9\u0982 \u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2 (\u0997\u09c1\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0982\u09a1\u0982, \u099a\u09c0\u09a8)<\/strong> \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09a4\u09be \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09be \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995<\/strong> \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0989\u09aa\u0995\u09b0\u09a3, \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982\u09b8, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09aa\u09a3\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>TEP (\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u0987\u09a5\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f):<\/strong> \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09aa\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 PU, \u098f\u09aa\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>TOP (\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0993\u0995\u099f\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f):<\/strong> \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a1\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09ad \u09af\u09be \u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>TBP (\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c1\u099f\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f):<\/strong> \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09aa\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09c7\u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u0993 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09cb\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b8\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>P204 (2-\u098f\u09a5\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09b9\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f):<\/strong> \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf-\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cb\u09a7\u0995\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>NP-10 \/ AEO-3 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0:<\/strong> \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u09af\u09be \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a1\u09bf\u09b8\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0995\u09cb\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ISO-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u0995 \u09e8\u09e6,\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6 \u099f\u09a8 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u2265\u09ef\u09ef\u09e7\u099f\u09bf\u09aa\u09bf\u09e9\u099f\u09bf, \u09b0\u0999 \u2264\u09e9\u09e6 \u098f\u09aa\u09bf\u098f\u0987\u099a\u098f, \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u2264\u09e6.\u09e9 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aeKOH\/\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>REACH, RoHS, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 ISO14001 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09ab\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09c0 \u09b0\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa, \u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a3 \u0986\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09be, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a3-\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac \u098f\u09b6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u0985\u09aa\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u0987\u099c\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09a4 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be\u0964.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u0982\u09b9\u09be\u09b0: \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ad\u09ac\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u0964<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a1\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09ad \u09a8\u09af\u09bc \u2014 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0989\u09aa\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09a8\u0964.<br>\u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 <strong>\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u098f\u09a5\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f (TEP)<\/strong> to <strong>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae \u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f (APP)<\/strong>, \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09be\u0981\u099a\u099f\u09bf \u09af\u09cc\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0997\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u0989\u09a0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 <strong>\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8-\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u099f\u09c7\u0995\u09b8\u0987 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be<\/strong> \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09e8\u09e6\u09e8\u09eb \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09a1\u0982\u09b9\u0982 \u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a-\u09b6\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09be \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf<\/strong> \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09b8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982\u09b8, \u09ab\u09cb\u09ae, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09cb\u099c\u09bf\u099f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0995\u09a0\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u2014 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be \u099f\u09c7\u0995\u09b8\u0987\u09a4\u09be \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u0987\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6 \u09ac\u09be 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