{"id":1143,"date":"2026-02-10T19:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-10T19:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/?p=1143"},"modified":"2026-01-31T03:12:26","modified_gmt":"2026-01-31T03:12:26","slug":"the-development-history-of-phosphate-ester-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tbpsolventdoholl.com\/el\/the-development-history-of-phosphate-ester-chemistry\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0397 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2:
\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bdo\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2:
\u039f \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u2014 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1900 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/strong>, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2:
\u0397 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u2014 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2\u2013\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03a4\u03b1<\/strong> \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2: \u0397 \u0393\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039f\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bdo\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd (1900\u20131930)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2:
\u0397 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u2013\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 20\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2:
In 1909<\/strong>, \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 Emil Fischer<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03be\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf- \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf \u03c6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • 1900\u20131910:<\/strong> \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bdo\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 1912:<\/strong> \u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf ATP).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 1920s:<\/strong> \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03bb \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    \u0395\u03bd\u03ce \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n

    \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7: \u0397 \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf (1940\u20131960)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2:
    \u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0392' \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2:
    \u039c\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1940, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03bf\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong> \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong> \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7 (TBP)<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7 (TOP)<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c7\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • 1944:<\/strong> \u0395\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Tributyl Phosphate (TBP)<\/strong> \u2014 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1950:<\/strong> \u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03bb \u03a6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> (\u03c0.\u03c7., Triphenyl Phosphate, TPP) \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7-\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 1958:<\/strong> \u03a7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong> \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n\n\n\n

      \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u039b\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (1960\u20131980)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2:
      \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2:
      \u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1960 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u2014 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2. \u0388\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong> \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b2\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03a6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u0395\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd:<\/strong>
        \u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 (P\u2082O\u2085)<\/strong> \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1<\/strong> \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.
        \u2192 \u0393\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 AEO-3 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 NP-10 \u03a6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u0395\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. \u03a5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1:<\/strong>
        \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. \u03a6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u0395\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039b\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd:<\/strong>
        \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9-\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. \u0395\u03ba\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u0388\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7:<\/strong>
        \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong> \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        \u039c\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1970, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03b4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n\n\n\n

        \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c5\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 (1980\u20132000)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2:
        \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2:
        \u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 (NPEs) \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1980 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1990 \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 APEO \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/strong>. \u0397 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u039a\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • 1985:<\/strong> \u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7<\/strong> (\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 NP).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1990:<\/strong> \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af REACH \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 RoHS \u03b5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf<\/strong> \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 TEP \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 TOP.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • 1995\u20132000:<\/strong> \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong> \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae<\/strong>, \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n\n\n\n

          \u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u039a\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1: \u03a5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03a6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u0395\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 (2000\u2013\u03a3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2:
          \u039f 21\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2:
          \u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 Donghong Chemical<\/strong> \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03be\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong>, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 (\u226599%) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac Highlights:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7:<\/strong> \u0395\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03c7\u03bb\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae P\u2082O\u2085<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1:<\/strong> >95% \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2:<\/strong> \u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 (\u226430 APHA), \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03b9\u03be\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u0395\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd:<\/strong> \u03a7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            \u03a4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03a6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u0395\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd<\/th>\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2<\/th>\u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039b\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/th>\u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
            AEO-3 \u03a6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><\/td>\u0391\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\/\u039c\u03b7\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/td>\u03a5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1<\/td>\u0392\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/td><\/tr>
            NP-10 \u03a6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong><\/td>\u0391\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/td>\u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac<\/td>\u03a7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/td><\/tr>
            P204 (2-\u03b1\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b5\u03be\u03c5\u03bb \u03a6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039f\u03be\u03cd)<\/strong><\/td>\u039f\u03be\u03ad\u03b1<\/td>\u0395\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b2\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/td>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1<\/td><\/tr>
            TEP \/ TOP \/ TBP<\/strong><\/td>\u039f\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf<\/td>\u03a0\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2<\/td>\u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03b2\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2, \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

            \u039a\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 Donghong Chemical:<\/strong>
            \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong>, \u03b7 Donghong \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd<\/strong>, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 ISO9001, ISO14001, REACH, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 RoHS<\/strong> \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n

            \u0395\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7: \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0388\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

            \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2:
            \u039f\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03af \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u2014 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2:
            \u0397 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/strong>. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • \u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/strong> \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u0388\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong> \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c6\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u039b\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u03a6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd (2025\u20132030):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              • \u0391\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03ce\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cc\u03bb.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u03a5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u0395\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong> \u2014 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n\n\n\n

                \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b7 Donghong Chemical \u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                \u0397 \u03a7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae Donghong (\u0393\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd, \u039a\u03af\u03bd\u03b1)<\/strong> \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                • \u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 20.000 \u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u226599%<\/strong>, \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u22640,3 mgKOH\/g<\/strong>, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u226430 APHA<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 GC, FTIR \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Karl Fischer<\/strong> \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u03a0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc ISO9001 \/ ISO14001 \/ REACH \/ RoHS<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                  \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n
                  • AEO-3 \/ NP-10:<\/strong> \u03a5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • P204:<\/strong> \u039c\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • TEP \/ TBP \/ TOP:<\/strong> \u0395\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                    \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u0395\u03bc\u03b2\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1:<\/strong>
                    \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7, \u039d\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039d\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/strong>, \u03b7 Donghong Chemical \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n\n\n\n

                    \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1: \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                    \u03a0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03bb\u03af\u03b8\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2.
                    \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Fischer<\/strong> to \u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Donghong Chemical<\/strong>, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u2014 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \u03a3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u2014 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ad\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ad\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \ud83d\udce7 Email:<\/strong> dohollchemical@gmail.com
                    \ud83d\udcf1 WhatsApp:<\/strong> +86 139 0301 4781<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n\n\n\n

                    Donghong Chemical \u2014 \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c9\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2: \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bdo\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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